Budbud, Burdwan

16.8.2011
Burdwan district is situated nearby Damodar river. Here land is suitable for rice cultivation.
On the way to Durgapur highway, there is Krishi Vigyan Kendra located at Budbud. KVK is engaged in agricultural research and dissemination of knowledge through in house and field training. Dr. Rahman is the senior scientist and in-charge of Krishi Vigyan kendra, Budbud.
We contacted him for collection of data from two villages - KVK adopted and KVK non-adopted village.

Me, Ms. Suchandra Ghosh, project linked person and Dr. Rahman went to Burdwan on 16th August, 2011. Dr. Rahman extended full support to arrange accommodation in the campus and collection of data from 16-17th August.

In both villages, farmer meeting was held in local club room. Dr. Rahman initially talked to local people about the proposed meeting. After meeting, we arranged lunch for all the participants.

Farmers in the KVK adopted village are more aware of new technology in crop production. Here farmers themselves are engaged in sowing seeds whereas few farmers in non adopted village are engaged in sowing. Former depends on labour as well as own effort where as later depends on labour. Does it mean that knowledge facilitate role enacting ?

I expected presence of more labourers and bargadars or share croppers. Few labourers attended the meeting. It appears to me that meeting with only sharecroppers or with labourers are more important so that my sample will be more distributed.

Farmers of both villages follow both organic and inorganic cultivation. Non-adopted village farmers were more confused about new technology adoption.

Budgeting resource

Our observation and interview with farmers show that farmers are not aware of enterprise and family budget. Below is the brief idea about enterprise budget.

FARM PLANNING

Planning means taking decisions in advance. It stimulates thinking, broadens understanding & challenges the farmer to move forward. It is a forward-looking approach.

The farm plan helps a farmer to decide how to combine new ideas & old ones to his best advantage. By identifying his credit & supply needs, the farm plan helps him to arrange for the timely supplies of credit, seeds, fertilisers, etc. A specific farm plan setting fort his expected output,expenses & income, serves as a sound basis on which a credit institution can give him production credit, based on his productive capability rather than on his net financial assets. It is out of his income & not through the sale of assets that the cultivator has to pay off his loan. Thus the farm plan or the budget is to the farmer what the blue-print of the architect is to a building contractor. It shows what is to be done & how it is to be done. It furnishes an organised & logical approach to his problems & helps him to work out the solution.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FARM BUDGETING & PLANNING

There are three main types of farm budgetings:

• Enterprise budgeting
• Partial budgeting
• Full or complete budgeting & planning.

Enterprise budgeting. The enterprise budgets are the input-output relationship for individual enterprises. An enterprise budget includes all the variable resources required per unit (a hectare/animal/tree, etc.) of an enterprise & its cost, the expected output,gross returns, etc. A format of an enterprise budget is given in Table 1.

TABLE 1: format of an enterprise budget

Items

Quantity(kg/litre)

Value(Rs)

GROSS RETURNS
Main product
By-product
Total
CASH VARIABLE EXPENSES
1. Seed & seed treatment
(i)Seed
(ii)Sub-total
2. Manures & fertilisers
A. Farmyard manure
B. Chemical fertilisers
(i)CAN urea
(ii)Superphosphate
(iii)Muriate of Potash
Sub-total
3. Insecticides & fungicides
4. Tractor fuel cost
5. Irrigation hours
6. Human labour
7. Threshing hours with diesel engine
8. Cost of typing material
9. Marketing charges
Sub-total
10. Interest on variable expenses for half the period of growth
11. Total variable expenses
12. Returns over variable expenses
13. Man-hours
14. Bullock labour (pair hours)
15. Machine(tractor hours)

---

Enterprise budgets provide useful information regarding the resources requirements & the relative profitability of different enterprises. Thus these budgets, considered in the framework of farm resources, are the alternatives from among which the most profitable ones are to be selected. In this context, the enterprise budgets need to be prepared at different levels of technology, as (a)the existing level of technology; and (b) the improved or recommended level of technology.

A comparison of the enterprise budgets at the existing & improved levels of technology provides the scope or the potential of making farm improvements. The enterprise budgets lack in one important aspect that these do not consider the complementary & supplementary relationships amongst themselves which are quite common among farm enterprises at low level of production, but they simply assume to be competitive to one another right from the beginning. But these relationships are taken care of in complete planing & budgeting.

Chanditala 1 block

10.8.11

Today, during heavy shower, we have started for Mashat in chanditala 1 block. BDO madam was cooperative. From the BDO office, we got basic information about panchayets. Related to ST data, we have heard of shifting address of ST people. Some ST people shifted temporary residence from one panchayet to other panchayet. If the same people registered names in different panchayets then there will be possibility for inflated data. The data about male and female literacy are not available, though it is written that 66 percent people are literates.

Next we went to land reforms office located near by BDO office in order to get panchayet wise data about the no. of cultivators, land areas (shali, shuna and danga), areas for rice cultivation etc. We have found mouza wise data rather panchyet wise data here. And there is no possibility to cross tabulate the data so that we can get panchayet wise data. As data entry operators depend upon the specific software. And they do not have knowledge about pivot table for data classification. Therefore, only print out is possible. But without permission from higher authority, this printout is not possible. Therefore, we can not get panchayet wise data.

Next, we went to Krishnarampur panchayet. Panchayet pradhan was cooperative. He gave me some records of BPL family. Names of the family members are 'Phankabari' (empty house), 'Masjid' (Mosque). This data were enumerated in the year of 2007.

Chanditala is located at 22.68°N 88.26°E.

Chanditala has two community development blocks.

Rural area under Chanditala–I block consists of nine gram panchayats, viz. Ainya, Haripur, Masat, Bhagabatipur, Krishnarampur, Nababpur, Gangadharpur, Kumirmore and Shiyakhala.^[1] There is no urban area under this block.^[2] Chanditala police station serves this block.^[3] Headquarters of this block is in Moshat.^[4]

Ref:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanditala

http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm

Population characteristics data of census 2001 have discrepancies. Following the census, total population is 5331 but total no of cultivators is 9502.

There are 4 classifications of agricultural people : Main, Marginal cultivators, Marginal agricultural labours.

Ref: http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/population-ok/Population_hoogly.htm

Gram panchayats are local self-governments at the village or small town level in India. As of 2002 there were about 265,000 gram panchayats in India. The gram panchayat is the foundation of thePanchayat System. A gram panchayat can be set up in villages with minimum population of 300. Sometimes two or more villages are clubbed together to form group-gram panchayat when the population of the individual villages is less than 300.

Sarpanch / Chairperson

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The Sarpanch or Chairperson is the head of the Gram Panchayat. The elected members of the Gram Panchayat elect from among themselves a Sarpanch and a Deputy Sarpanch for a term of five years. In some places the panchayat president is directly elected by village people. The Sarpanch presides over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat and supervises its working. He implements the development schemes of the village. The Deputy Sarpanch, who has the power to make his own decisions, assists the Sarpanch in his work.

The Sarpanch has the responsibilities of

1. Looking after street lights, construction and repair work of the roads in the villages and also the village markets, fairs, festivals and celebrations.
2. Keeping a record of births, deaths and marriages in the village.
3. Looking after public health and hygiene by providing facilities for sanitationand drinking water.
4. Providing for education.

[edit]Sources of Income

The main source of income of the Gram Panchayat is the property tax levied on the buildings and the open spaces within the village. Other sources of income include professional tax, taxes on pilgrimage, animal trade, grant received from the State Government in proportion of land revenue and the grants received from the Zilla Parishad.

[edit]Principles of decentralisation

Dr S B Sen committee, a committee appointed by the Government of Kerala in 1996, had suggested the following principles, which was later adopted by the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, for local governance :-

• subsidiarity
• democratic decentralisation
• delineation of functions
• devolution of functions in real terms
• convergence
• citizen centricity

gram sabha is conducted two times in a year ...December and June

[edit]

Ref:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_panchayat